Литература

Amey K.L., Bao S., Bannister A.J., KouzaridesT., and Surani M.A., 2002. Histone methylation defines epigenetic asymmetry in the mouse zygote. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 46: 317–320.

Avilion A.A., Nicolis S.K., Pevny L.H., Perez L., Vivian N., and Lovell-Badge R., 2003. Multipotent cell lineages in early mouse development depend on SOX2 function. Genes Dev. 17: 126-MO.

Blackwell T.K., 2004. Germ cells: Finding programs of mass repression. Curr. Biol. 14: R229-230.

Boyer L.A., Lee T.L., Cole M.F., Johnstone S.E., Levine S.S., Zucker J.P., Guenther M.G., Kumar R.M., Murray H.L., Jenner R.G., et al., 2005. Core transcriptional regulatory circuitry in human embryonic stem cells. Cell 122: 947–956.

BuehrM., Nichols J., Stenhouse F., Mountford P., GreenhalghC.J., Kantachuvesiri S., BrookerG., Mullins J., and Smith A.G., 2003. Rapid loss of Oct-4 and pluripotency in cultured rodent blastocysts and derivative cell lines. Biol. Reprod. 68: 222–229.

Carlson L.L., Page A.W., and Bestor T.H., 1992. Properties and localization of DNA methyltransferase in preimplantation mouse embryos: Implications for genomic imprinting. Genes Dev. 6: 2536–2541.

Chambers L., Colby D., Robertson M., Nichols J., Lee S., Xweedie S., and Smith A., 2003. Functional expression cloning of Nanog, a pluripotency sustaining factor in embryonic stem cells. Cell 113: 643–655.

Chang D.H., Cattoretti C., and Calame K.L., 2002. The dynamic expression pattern of B lymphocyte induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1) during mouse embryonic development. Mech. Dev. 117: 305–309.

Chapman V., Forrester L., Sanford J., Hastie N., and Rossant J., 1984. Cell lineage-specific undermethylation of mouse repetitive DNA. Nature 307: 284–286.

Chong S. and Whitelaw E., 2004. Epigenetic germline inheritance. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 14: 692–696.

Cowan C.A., Atienza J., Melton D.A., and Eggan K., 2005. Nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells after fusion with human embryonic stem cells. Science 309: 1369–1373.

Dean W. and Ferguson-Smith A., 2001. Genomic imprinting: Mother maintains methylation marks. Curr. Biol. 11: R527-530.

Dean W., Santos E., Stojkovic M., Zakhartchenko V., Walter J., Wolf E., and ReikW., 2001. Conservation of methylation reprogramming in mammalian development: Aberrant reprogramming in cloned embryos. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 98: 13734-13738.

Dean W., Bowden L., Aitchison A., Klose J., Moore X., Meneses J.J., Reik W., and Feil R., 1998. Altered imprinted gene methylation and expression in completely ES cell-derived mouse fetuses: Association with aberrant phenotypes. Development 125: 2273–2282.

Deshpande G., Calhoun G., and Schedl R, 2004. Overlapping mechanisms function to establish transcriptional quiescence in the embryonic Drosophila germline. Development 131: 1247–1257.

de Souza F.S., Gawantka V., Gomez A.P., Delius EL, Ang S.L., and Niehrs C., 1999. The zinc finger gene Xblimpl controls anterior endomesodermal cell fate in Spemann’s organizer. EMBO J. 18: 6062–6072.

Dodge J.E., Kang Y.K., Beppu E.L., Lei E.L., and Li E., 2004. Histone H3-K9 methyltransferase ESET is essential for early development. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24: 2478–2486.

Erhardt S., Su I.H., Schneider R., Barton S., Bannister A.J., Perez-Burgos L., Jenuwein T., Kouzarides X, Tarakhovsky A., and Surani M.A., 2003. Consequences of the depletion of zygotic and embryonic enhancer of zeste 2 during preimplantation mouse development. Development 130: 4235–4248.

Evans M.J: and Kaufman M.H., 1981. Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos. Nature 292: 154–156.

Extavour C.G. and Akam M., 2003. Mechanisms of germ cell specification across the metazoans: Epigenesis and preformation. Development 130: 5869–5884.

Feldman N.T., Gerson A., Fang J., Li E., Zhang Y., Shinkai Y., Cedar H., and Bergman Y., 2006. G9a-mediated irreversible epigenetic inactivation of Oct-3/4 during early embryogenesis. Nat. Cell. Biol. 8: 188–194.

Fujimori T., Kurotaki Y., Miyazaki J., and Nabeshima Y., 2003. Analysis of cell lineage in two- and four-cell mouse embryos. Development 130: 5113–5122.

Fujimoto A., Mitalipov S.M., Kuo H.C., and Wolf D.P., 2005. Aberrant genomic imprinting in rhesus monkey ES cells. Stem Cells 24: 595–603.

Gardner R.L., 1985. Clonal analysis of early mammalian development. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Land. B Biol. Sci. 312: 163–178.

Gardner R.L., 1997. The early blastocyst is bilaterally symmetrical and its axis of symmetry is aligned with the animal-vegetal axis of the zygote in the mouse. Development 124: 289–301.

Gehring M., Huh J.H., Hsieh T.F., Penterman J., Choi Y., Harada J.J., Goldberg R.B., and Fischer R.L., 2006. DEMETER DNA glycosylase establishes MEDEA polycomb gene self-imprinting by allele-specific demethylation. Cell 124: 495–506.

GeijsenN., HoroschakM., KimK., Gribnau J., Eggan K., and Daley G.Q., 2004. Derivation of embryonic germ cells and male gametes from embryonic stem cells. Nature 427: 148–154.

Guan K., Nayemia K., Maier L.S., Wagner S., Dressel R., Lee J.H., Nolte J., Wolf E., Li M., Engel W., and Hasenfuss G., 2006. Pluripotency of spermatogonial stem cells from adult mouse testis. Nature 440: 1199–1203.

Gyory 1., Wu J., FejerG., Seto E., and Wright K.L., 2004. PRDI-BF1 recruits the histone H3 methyltransferase G9a in transcriptional silencing. Nat. Immunol. 5: 299–308.

Hajkova P., Erhardt S., Lane N., HaafX., El-Maarri O., ReikW., Walter J., and Surani M.A., 2002. Epigenetic reprogramming in mouse primordial germ cells. Mech. Dev. 117: 15–23.

Hayashi K., Yoshida K., and Matsui Y., 2005. A histone H3 methyltransferase controls epigenetic events required for meiotic prophase. Nature 438: 374–378.

Heard E., 2004. Recent advances in X-chromosome inactivation. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 16: 247–255.

Hemberger M., Nozaki T., Winterhager E., Yamamoto E.L., Nakagama H., Kamada N., Suzuki F.L., Ohta T., Ohki M., Masutani M., and Cross J.C., 2003. Parp1-deficiency induces differentiation of ES cells into trophoblast derivatives. Dev. Biol. 257: 371–381.

Hernandez-Lagunas L., Choi I.F., Kaji T., Simpson P., Hershey C., Zhou Y., Zon L., Mercola M., and Artinger K. B., 2005. Zebrafish narrow-minded disrupts the transcription factor prdml and is required for neural crest and sensory neuron specification. Dev. Biol. 278: 347–357.

Howell C.Y., Bestor T.H., Ding E., Latham K.E., Mertineit C., Trasler J.M., and Chaillet J.R., 2001. Genomic imprinting disrupted by a maternal effect mutation in the Dnmtl gene. Cell 104: 829–838.

Howlett S.K. and ReikW., 1991. Methylation levels of maternal and paternal genomes during preimplantation development. Development 115: 119–127.

Hubner K., Fuhrmann G., Chnstenson L.K., Kehler J., Reinbold R., De La Fuente R., Wood J., Strauss J.F., III, Boiani M., and Scholer H.R., 2003. Derivation of oocytes from mouse embryonic stem cells. Science 300: 1251–1256.

Humpherys D., Eggan K., Akutsu P.L., Hochedlinger K., Rideout W.M., III, Biniszkiewicz D., Yanagimachi R., and Jaenisch R., 2001. Epigenetic instability in ES cells and cloned mice. Science 293: 95–97.

Huynh J.R. and St Johnston D., 2004. The origin of asymmetry: Early polarisation of the Drosophila germline cyst and oocyte. Curr. Biol. 14: R438-449.

Huynh K.D. and Lee J.T., 2003. Inheritance of a pre-inactivated paternal X chromosome in early mouse embryos. Nature 426: 857–862.

Jackson M., Krassowska A., Gilbert N., Chevassut T., Forrester L., Ansell J., and Ramsahoye B., 2004. Severe global DNA hypomethylation blocks differentiation and induces histone hyperacety-lation in embryonic stem cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24: 8862–8871.

Kanatsu-Shinohara M., Inoue K., Lee J., Yoshimoto M., Ogonuki N., Miki H., Baba S., Kato T., Kazuki Y., Toyokuni S., et al., 2004. Generation of pluripotent stem cells from neonatal mouse testis. Cell 119: 1001–1012.

Kelly S.J., 1977. Studies of the developmental potential of 4- and 8-cell stage mouse blastomeres. J. Exp. Zool., 200: 365–376.

Kimmins S. and Sassone-Corsi P., 2005. Chromatin remodelling and epigenetic features of germ cells. Nature 434: 583-589

KunathT., Amaud D., Uy G.D., Okamoto I., Chureau C., Yamanaka Y., Heard E., Gardner R.L., Avner P., and Rossant J., 2005. Imprinted X-inactivation in extra-embryonic endoderm cell lines from mouse blastocysts. Development 132: 1649–1661.

Kuramochi-Miyagawa S., Kimura T.. Ijiri T.W., Isobe T., Asada N., Fujita Y., Ikawa M., Iwai N., Okabe M., Deng W., et al., 2004. Mill, a mammalian member of piwi family gene, is essential for spermatogenesis. Development 131: 839–849.

Lane N., Dean W., Erhardt S., Hajkova P., Surani A., Walter J., and Reik W., 2003. Resistance of IAPs to methylation reprogramming may provide a mechanism for epigenetic inheritance in the mouse. Genesis 35: 88–93.

Lawson K.A. and Hage W.J., 1994. Clonal analysis of the origin of primordial germ cells in the mouse. CIBA Found. Symp. 182: 68–84.

Lawson K.A., DunnN.R., Roelen B.A., Zeinstra L.M., Davis A.M., Wright C.V., Korving J.R., and Hogan B.L., 1999. Bmp4 is required for the generation of primordial germ cells in the mouse embryo. Genes Dev. 13: 424–436.

Leatherman J.L. and Jongens T.A., 2003. Transcriptional silencing and translational control: Key features of early germline development. Bioessays 25: 326–335.

Lee J., Inoue K., Ono R., Ogonuki N., Kohda T., Kaneko-Ishino T., Ogura A., and Ishino F., 2002. Erasing genomic imprinting memory in mouse clone embryos produced from day 11.5 primordial germ cells. Development 129: 1807–1817.

Lepikhov K. and Walter J., 2004. Differential dynamics of histone H3 methylation at positions K4 and K9 in the mouse zygote. BMC Dev. Biol. 4: 12.

Loh Y.H., Wu Q., Chew J.L., Vega V.B., Zhang W., ChenX., Bourque G., George J., Leong B., Liu J., et al., 2006. The Oct4 and Nanog transcription network regulates pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nat. Genet. 38: 431–440.

Mak W., Nesterova T.B., de Napoles M., Appanah R., Yamanaka S.. Otte A. P., and Brockdorff N., 2004. Reactivation of the paternal X chromosome in early mouse embryos. Science 303: 666–669.

Martin G.R., 1981. Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarci-noma stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 78: 7634–7638.

Martinho R.G., Kunwar P.S., Casanova J., and Lehmann R., 2004. A noncoding RNA is required for the repression of RNApolII-dependent transcription in primordial germ cells. Curr. Biol. 14: 159–165.

Matsui Y., Zsebo K., and Hogan B.L., 1992. Derivation of plurip0tential embryonic stem cells from murine primordial germ cells in culture. Cell 70, 841–847.

Mayer W., Niveleau A., Walter J., Fundele R., and Haaf T., 2000. Demethylation of the zygotic paternal genome. Nature 403: 501–502.

McLaren A., 2003. Primordial germ cells in the mouse. Dev. Biol. 262: 1-15.

McLaren A. and Lawson K.A., 2005. How is the mouse germ-cell lineage established? Differentiation 73: 435–437.

McLay D.W. and Clarke H.J., 2003. Remodelling the paternal chromatin at fertilization in mammals. Reproduction 125: 625–633.

Meshorer E., Yellajoshula D.. George E., Scambjer P.J., Brown D.T., and Misteli T., 2006. Hyperdynamic plasticity of chromatin proteins in pluripotent embryonic stem cells. Dev. Cell. 10: 105–116.

Mitsui K., Tokuzawa Y., Itoh H., Segawa K., Murakami M., Takahashi K., Maruyama M., Maeda M., and Yamanaka S., 2003. The homeoprotein Nanog is required for maintenance of pluripotency in mouse epiblast and ES cells. Cell 113: 631–642.

Monk M., Boubelik M., and Lehnert S., 1987. Temporal and regional changes in DNA methylation in the embryonic, extraembryonic and germ cell lineages during mouse embryo development. Development 99: 371–382.

Morgan H.D., DeanW., CokerH.A., ReikW., and Petersen-Mahrt S.K., 2004. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase deaminates 5-methylcytosine in DNA and is expressed in pluripotent tissues. Implications for epigenetic reprogramming. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 52353-52360.

Morgan H.D., Santos E., Green K., Dean W., and ReikW., 2005. Epigenetic reprogramming in mammals. Hum. Mol. Genet. 14: R47-58

Nichols J., Zevnik B., Anastassiadis K., Niwa H., Klewe-Nebenius D., Chambers I., Scholer H., and Smith A., 1998. Formation of pluripotent stem cells in the mammalian embryo depends on the POU transcription factor Oct4. Cell 95: 379–391.

Niwa H., Toyooka Y., Shimosato D., Strumpf D., Takahashi K., Yagi R., and Rossant J., 2005. Interaction between Oct3/4 and Cdx2 determines trophectoderm differentiation. Cell 123: 917–929.

O’CarroU D., Erhardt S., Pagani M., Barton S.C., Surani M.A., and Jenuwein T., 2001. The polycomb-group gene Ezh2 is required for early mouse development Mol. Cell. Biol. 21: 4330–4336.

OhinataY., Payer B., O’Carroll D., Ancelin K., Ono Y., Sano M., Barton S.C., ObukhanychT., Nussenzweig M., Tarakhovsky A., et al., 2005. Blimp 1 is a critical determinant of the germ cell lineage in mice. Nature 436: 207–213.

Okamoto I., Otte A.P., Allis C.D., Reinberg D., and Heard E., 2004. Epigenetic dynamics of imprinted X inactivation during early mouse development. Science 303: 644–649.

Okamoto I., Amaud D., Le Baccon P., Otte A.P., Disteche CM., Avner P., and Heard E., 2005. Evidence for de novo imprinted X-chromosome inactivation independent of meiotic inactivation in mice. Nature 438: 369–373.

Olek A. and Walter J., 1997. The pre-implantation ontogeny of the H19 methylation imprint. Nat. Genet. 17: 275–276.

Oswald J., Engemann S., Lane N., Mayer W., Olek A., Fundele R., Dean W., Reik W., and Walter J., 2000. Active demethylation of the paternal genome in the mouse zygote. Curr. Biol. 10: 475–478.

Peters A.H., O’Carroll D., Scherthan H., Mechtler K., Sauer S., Schofer C., Weipoltshammer K., Pagani M., Lachner M., Kohlmaier A., et al., 2001. Loss of the Suv39h histone methyltransferases impairs mammalian heterochromatin and genome stability. Cell 107: 323–337.

Piotrowska-Nitsche K., Perea-Gomez A., Haraguchi S., and Zernicka-Goetz M., 2005. Four-cell stage mouse blastomeres have different developmental properties. Development 132: 479–490.

ReikW., Dean W., and Walter J., 2001. Epigenetic reprogramming in mammalian development. Science 293: 1089–1093.

Ren B., Chee K.J., Kim T.H., and Maniatis T., 1999. PRD1-BF1/ Blimp-1 repression is mediated by corepressors of the Groucho family of proteins. Genes Dev. 13: 125–137.

Resnick J.L., Bixler L.S., Cheng L., and Donovan P.J., 1992. Longterm proliferation of mouse primordial germ cells in culture. Nature 359: 550–551.

Rossant J., 2001. Stem cells from the mammalian blastocyst. Stem Cells, 19: 477–482.

Rougier N., Bourc’his D., Gomes D.M., Niveleau A., Plachot M., Paldi A., and Viegas-Pequignot E., 1998. Chromosome methylation patterns during mammalian preimplantation development. Genes Dev. 12: 2108–2113.

Roy S. and Ng T., 2004. Blimp-1 specifies neural crest and sensory neuron progenitors in the zebrafish embryo. Curr. Biol. 14: 1772–1777.

Saitou M., Barton S.C., and Surani M.A., 2002. A molecular program for the specification of germ cell fate in mice. Nature 418: 293–300.

Saitou M., Payer B., Lange U.C., Erhardt S., Barton S.C, and Surani M.A., 2003. Specification of germ cell fate in mice. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 358: 1363–1370.

Santos R., Hendrich B., Reik W., and Dean W., 2002. Dynamic reprogramming of DNA methylation in the early mouse embryo. Dev. Biol. 241: 172–182.

Santos E., Peters A.H., Otte A.P., ReikW., and Dean W., 2005. Dynamic chromatin modifications characterise the first cell cycle in mouse embryos. Dev. Biol. 280: 225–236.

Sarmento O.F., Digilio L.C., Wang Y., Perlin J., Herr J.C., Allis C.D., and Coonrod S.A., 2004. Dynamic alterations of specific histone modifications during early murine development. J. Cell Sci. 117: 4449–4459.

Schaner C.E., Deshpande G., Schedl P.D., and Kelly W.G., 2003. A conserved chromatin architecture marks and maintains the restricted germ cell lineage in worms and flies. Dev. Cell 5: 747–757.

Sciammas R. and Davis M.M., 2004. Modular nature of Blimp-1 in the regulation of gene expression during B cell maturation. J. Immunol. 172: 5427–5440.

Seki Y., Hayashi K., Itoh K., Mizugaki M., Saitou M., and Matsui Y., 2005. Extensive and orderly reprogramming of genome-wide chromatin modifications associated with specification and early development of germ cells in mice. Dev. Biol. 278: 440–458.

Seydoux G. and Dunn M.A., 1997. Transcriptionally repressed germ cells lack a subpopulation of phosphorylated RNA polymerase II in early embryos of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Development 124: 2191–2201.

Seydoux G. and Strome S., 1999. Launching the germline in Caenorhabditis elegans: Regulation of gene expression in early germ cells. Development 126: 3275–3283.

Shaffer A.L., Lin K.I., Kuo T.C., Yu X., Hurt E.M., Rosenwald A., Giltnane J.M., Yang L., Zhao H., Calame K., and Staudt L.M., 2002. Blimp-1 orchestrates plasma cell differentiation by extinguishing the mature B cell gene expression program. Immunity 17: 51–62.

Shapiro-Shelef M., Lin K.I., McHeyzer-Williams L.J., Liao J., McHeyzer-Williams M.G., and Calame K., 2003. Blimp-1 is required for the formation of immunoglobulin secreting plasma cells and pre-plasma memory B cells. Immunity, 19: 607–620.

Short R.V., 2000. Where do babies come from? Nature 403: 705.

Smith A.G., 2001. Embryo-derived stem cells: Of mice and men. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 17: 435–462.

Surani M.A., 2001. Reprogramming of genome function through epigenetic inheritance. Nature 414: 122–128.

Surani M.A., 2005. Nuclear reprogramming by human embryonic stem cells. Cell 122: 653–654.

Surani M.A., Ancelin K., Hajkova R, Lange U.C., Payer B., Western P., and Saitou M., 2004. Mechanism of mouse germ cell specification: A genetic program regulating epigenetic reprogramming. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 69: 1–9.

Tada M., TadaT., Lefebvre L., Barton S.C., and Surani M.A., 1997. Embryonic germ cells induce epigenetic reprogramming of somatic nucleus in hybrid cells. EMBO J. 16: 6510–6520.

Tada M., Takahama Y., Abe K., Nakatsuji N., and Tada T., 2001. Nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells by in vitro hybridization with ES cells. Curr. Biol. 11: 1553–1558.

Tada T., Tada M., Hilton K., Barton S.C., Sado T., Takagi N., and Surani M.A., 1998. Epigenotype switching of imprintable loci in embryonic germ cells. Dev. Genes Evol., 207: 551–561.

Toyooka Y., Tsunekawa N., Akasu R., and Noce T., 2003. Embryonic stem cells can form germ cells in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100: 11457-11462.

Turner C.A., Jr., Mack D.H., and Davis M.M., 1994. Blimp-1, a novel zinc finger-containing protein that can drive the maturation of B lymphocytes into immunoglobulin-secreting cells. Cell 77: 297–306.

van der Heijden G.W., Dieker J.W., Derrick A.A., Muller S., Berden J.H., Braat D.D., van der Vlag J., and de Boer P., 2005. Asymmetry in histone H3 variants and lysine methylation between paternal and maternal chromatin of the early mouse zygote. Mech. Dev. 122: 1008–1022.

Van Doren M., Williamson A.L., and Lehmann R., 1998. Regulation of zygotic gene expression in Drosophila primordial germ cells. Curr. Biol. 8: 243–246.

Vincent S.D., Dunn N.R., Sciammas R., Shapiro-Shalef M., Davis M.M., Calame K., Bikoff E.K., and Robertson E.J., 2005. The zinc finger transcriptional repressor Blimp 1/Prdm1 is dispensable for early axis formation but is required for specification of primordial germ cells in the mouse. Development 132: 1315–1325.

Waddington C., 1956. Principles of embryology Allen & Unwin, London, United Kingdom.

Weber R.J., Pedersen R.A., Wianny E., Evans M.J., and Zemicka-Goetz M., 1999. Polarity of the mouse embryo is anticipated before implantation. Development 126: 5591–5598.

Yamaguchi S., Kimura H., Tada M., Nakatsuji N., and TadaT., 2005. Nanog expression in mouse germ cell development. Gene Expr. Patterns 5: 639–646.

Zhang E., Barboric M., Blackwell T.K., and Peterlin B.M., 2003. A model of repression: CTD analogs and PIE-1 inhibit transcriptional elongation by P-TEFb. Genes Dev. 17: 748–758.